Breast Lump
Breast diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the breast tissue. These conditions can be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).
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Predisposing Factors
Gender and Age:
Women are more likely to develop breast lumps than men, and the risk increases with age.
Family History: A family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2) can increase the risk.
Hormonal Factors: Hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can affect breast tissue.
Personal History: Previous breast cancer or certain non-cancerous breast diseases may increase the risk.
Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to chest radiation may contribute to the development of breast lumps.
Causes of Breast Lump:
- Fibrocystic Changes:Common non-cancerous changes in breast tissue, especially during the menstrual cycle.
- Cysts:Fluid-filled sacs that can form in the breast
- Fibroadenomas: Non-cancerous tumors that consist of glandular and connective tissue.
- Infections or Inflammation: Infections or inflammatory conditions can cause lumps.
- Breast Cance: While less common, a lump may be a symptom of breast cancer.
Symptoms
The most common symptom is the presence of a lump or mass felt in the breast tissue. This may be discovered through self-examination or by a healthcare provider during a clinical breast exam.
Changes in Breast Size or Shape:
A lump may cause changes in the size or shape of the breast.
Pain or Discomfort::
Some breast lumps may be associated with pain or tenderness.
Skin Changes:
Changes in the skin texture over the lump or the entire breast, such as redness, dimpling, or puckering
Nipple Changes:
Changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as inversion, scaling, or discharge.
Swelling:
Swelling or enlargement of the breast, particularly in one area.
Breast Sensitivity::
Increased sensitivity in the breast or nipple.
Diagnosis
Clinical Breast Exam (CBE): A physical examination by a healthcare professional to check for lumps or other abnormalities.
Imaging Tests:
Mammogram: X-ray of the breast tissue.
Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create an image of the breast.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging for detailed images of the breast.
Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous or non-cancerous
Management
Monitoring: Some lumps, such as those related to hormonal changes, may require monitoring without intervention.
Medication: For pain or inflammation associated with certain types of breast lumps.
Aspiration: Draining fluid from cysts using a fine needle.
Surgery: In cases where a lump is suspicious for cancer or causing significant symptoms.
Hormone Therapy: For certain hormone-related conditions.
Radiation or Chemotherapy: If a lump is cancerous, these treatments may be recommended.
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- Regular screenings,Regular breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms are essential for early detection and management especially for breast cancer, can help in early detection and better outcomes.