Fistula in Ano
The fistula in Ano, a painful and distressing condition affecting the anal region, can disrupt one’s daily life and cause considerable discomfort. If you or someone you know is dealing with this condition, it’s important to have a comprehensive understanding of what a fistula in ano is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and the road to recovery.
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In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Ramamurthy dedicates time to educating the next generation of surgeons. As a mentor and teacher, he instils the values of constant improvement and patient-centric care in his proteges.
What Is a Fistula in Ano?
A fistula in ano, also known simply as an anal fistula, is an abnormal tunnel-like connection that forms between the anal canal (the last portion of the large intestine) and the skin near the anus. It typically develops as a result of an infection in an anal gland, leading to an abscess (a collection of pus). The abscess can eventually rupture, creating a passage (the fistula) that allows the discharge of pus or other fluids.
Types of Fistula in Ano
Causes of Fistula in Ano
The most common cause of fistula in ano is an anal abscess. This abscess can be triggered by various factors which include:
- Infection: Bacterial infections of the anal glands can lead to the formation of an abscess.
- Crohn’s Disease: Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of developing fistulas.
- Trauma: Injury to the anal area, such as surgery, childbirth, or anal intercourse, can contribute to the formation of fistulas.
Symptoms of Fistula in Ano
Fistulas in ano may present with various symptoms, including:
- Pain: Patients often experience pain, which can be severe and throbbing, particularly when passing stool.
- Discharge: The presence of pus or other fluids from an external opening near the anus.
- Fever: In cases of infection, fever may develop.
- Itching and Irritation: The constant discharge can cause itching and discomfort.
- Swelling: Some individuals may notice swelling around the anus.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a fistula in ano, Dr. Vikram Ramamurthy may perform a physical examination of the anal region. They may also use additional diagnostic tests, such as:
- Proctoscopy: This procedure involves using a thin, flexible tube with a light and a camera to examine the inside of the anal canal.
- MRI or Ultrasound: These imaging studies can provide detailed images of the fistula, allowing for accurate diagnosis and the planning of treatment.
Treatment Options
The management of a fistula in ano typically involves surgery, and the choice of procedure depends on the complexity and location of the fistula. Common treatment options include:
- Fistulotomy: This is a straightforward procedure where the entire fistula tract is removed. It is suitable for simple, low-lying fistulas.
- Seton Placement: A seton, a thread-like material, is inserted into the fistula tract to help it heal gradually. This is often used for more complex fistulas or those involving multiple tracts.
- LIFT Procedure: The Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT) procedure is a minimally invasive option for specific types of fistulas. It involves tying off the fistula tract to promote healing.
- Advancement Flap Surgery: In this procedure, healthy tissue is moved over the fistula tract to close it off. It is often used for high fistulas or those close to the anal sphincters.
- Fibrin Glue Injection: In some cases, a special glue is injected into the fistula tract to promote closure.
Recovery and Aftercare
Recovery from surgery for a fistula in an ano can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure.
- Pain Management: Pain and discomfort are common after surgery. Your pain medication will help you manage this.
- Hygiene: Proper anal hygiene is essential to prevent infection and promote healing. Warm sitz baths can be soothing and help maintain cleanliness.
- Diet: A high-fibre diet can soften stools and reduce the risk of constipation, making bowel movements less painful.
- Follow-up Appointments: Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare provider are crucial to monitor the healing process and address any concerns.
- Physical Activity: Your doctor will advise you on when it’s safe to resume regular physical activities and work.
- Lifestyle Changes: Making certain lifestyle changes, such as avoiding excessive sitting and maintaining a healthy weight, can help prevent recurrent fistulas.
Complications and Recurrence
Fistulas can be challenging to treat, and there is a risk of recurrence in some cases. Complications can include:
- Abscess Formation: New abscesses may develop near the original fistula site.
- Incontinence: In rare cases, surgery can impact anal sphincter function, leading to fecal incontinence.
- Chronic Pain: Some individuals may experience chronic pain even after treatment.
- If you suspect you have fistula in ano or experience persistent symptoms, it is advisable to consult Dr. Vikram Ramamurthy for an accurate diagnosis and the best treatment option tailored to you. Book an appointment by calling:
- +918660296440
- +918431751624
- +919535958697